In a quantitative study, the effectiveness of solution-focused couples’ therapy on dimensions of intimacy among couples was assessed in Isfahan, Iran. Moreover, the dominant style occurred more frequently among men than women ( 14). Dildar investigated conflict resolution methods among unhappily married couples and suggested that both parties tended to use avoidance techniques to resolve conflicts, i.e., they have not used compromise, collaboration, or forgiveness methods ( 14). In a study of the effects of family therapy on resolving family conflicts, Kumar concluded that family therapy was effective for social and psychological problem-solving, promoted effective involvement of family members, and improved the family members’ social and psychological performance, healthy communication patterns, and satisfaction in relationships ( 17).
Also, a quantitative study of couples highlighted personal traits, communication skills, commitment, and family background as the most significant factors related to conflicts in marriages ( 16). Women also expressed fear, anxiety, depression, and nervousness about becoming mothers due to the pressure to have a son at all costs and families’ rejection of a female child, and alcohol abuse as the main factors responsible for their low-quality communication with their husbands ( 15). Indian women considered low interaction with their husbands, gender preferences, and alcohol abuse to be responsible for their low-quality communication with their husbands. Researchers also have identified several major sources of conflict, i.e., violent behaviors of husbands, lack of cooperation in the family, inability to spend enough time together, issues related to children and other families, lack of effective communication, and financial problems ( 14). Various sources, such as incompatible needs of couples, poor communication skills, distorted beliefs, extreme emotional reactions, and negative enforcing patterns can trigger conflicts in marriages ( 13). In general, such conflicts exert negative effects on the children and result in their insecure attachment to parents ( 1, 10, 12). Evaluation of the effects of conflicts in marriages on the physical and psychosocial health of children has indicated that such conflicts adversely affected the emotional safety of children ( 12). Furthermore, conflicts in marriages can affect family life in different ways, e.g., it may decrease the performance of the parents and the compatibility of the children and increase conflicts among all family members (parents and children as well as between siblings) ( 1). Despite the fact that married people are usually healthier than single people ( 10, 11), conflicts in marriages can lead to poorer health conditions ( 11) and the risk of certain diseases, such as heart disease ( 11, 12), as well as cancer and chronic pains ( 10). They can result in depression ( 9), anxiety, and eating disorders ( 8, 10). Conflicts in marriages may produce various personal, familial, physical, and psychological consequences ( 8). Conflicts that are properly managed can help couples learn from each other and improve their relationships ( 7). Conflicts are necessary and valuable for the evolution of a marriage ( 6). Studies from other parts of the world also have indicated conflicts and minor abuse among 65% of the women ( 4, 5). Research conducted in Iran and other countries have shown that conflicts are common between couples, and, in Iran, 92% of the respondents reported conflicts in their marriages ( 3). In fact, conflicts are caused by inconsistent goals or interests of family members and their different evaluations of life issues ( 1). “When family members believe that what they want is incompatible with what one or more other families want, conflict happens” ( 2).
Conflicts are among the most important determinants of the quantity and quality of relationships among family members ( 1).
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